随着地理信息系统和网络技术的发展，空间数据的处理正深入到各个专业应用领域，大型分布式地理信息系统对于空间数据的共享和互操作，以及专业领域应用系统集成具有重要的意义，本文通过对大型分布式地理信息系统的结构分析，介绍了硬件环境，系统软件和分布计算平台对大型分布式地理信息系统的影响，以及适应大型分布式地理信息系统空间数据共享和互操作发展要求的空间数据模型，海量空间数据库和空间数据操作服务技术，以及应用系统集成技术。

With the developing of GIS and network technology, handling of geospatial data has been integrated into all sorts of special domains. The massive distributed GIS has great meaning to share and interoperation of geospatial data and integration of domain application. This paper analyses the structure of massive distributed GIS, and introduces impacts from development of hardware environment, system software and distributed computation platfrom. For the spatial data share and interoperation issues, several key technologies such as spatial data model, massive spatial database and spatial operation service are introduced. OpenGIS specification from OpenGIS Consortium is strongly recommended to the coming massive distributed GIS. At the end of the paper, application integration technology is emphasized.