全极化(FP)成像模式丰富了合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据的信息量,在地物分类、环境监测、目标探测等领域取得了广泛应用,但是全极化系统受设计和维护复杂度、功率消耗、覆盖范围和数据下传等因素影响,制约了全极化SAR的应用。简缩极化(CP)SAR系统不仅降低了全极化SAR系统的复杂度,还能在一定程度上保持全极化信息,在森林参数反演、地物分类、目标检测等领域已取得了初步的成果。本文简要介绍了简缩极化SAR系统的基本原理,阐述了简缩极化SAR的全极化信息重建及分解的主要方法,并总结其近十年的主要研究成果,最后给出了其发展趋势。

The full-polarimetric (FP) imaging mode has enriched the information of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, and has been widely used in remote sensing applications, e.g. for land cover classification, environmental monitoring,or target detection. However, the application of FP SAR has been constrained by the design and maintenance complexity, power consumption, image swath, and data-downloading rate. Compact Polarimetric (CP) SAR systems not only overcome the drawbacks of FP SAR system, but also keep the FP information to a certain extent. Preliminary results are available in several fields, such as forest parameters estimation, feature classification and target detection. This paper provides an overview of compact polarimetric SAR system fundamentals, describes the methods of FP information reconstruction and decomposition, and summarizes its main research achievements of the last decade. At the end, we give its development trends.