ZENG Xiao, CHEN Zhenyong, FAN Wei, CHEN Hui, XIONG Zhang. Invertible Semi-fragile Video Watermarking Algorithm Used for Content Authentication[J]. Journal of Image and Graphics, 2010, 15(8): 1189. DOI: 10.11834/jig.20100802.
This paper proposes an invertible semi-fragile video watermarking algorithm using a hash function to authenticate the MPEG-4 video contents. The proposed algorithm embeds two watermarks into I frame while encoding the YUV video to MPEG-4 format. One watermark using a hash function aims to authenticate the contents and embed the frame number for tamper localization between frames
and the other one based on direct coefficients and low-frequency coefficients is used for the detection of tamper localization within the frame. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is able to authenticate the video contents and detect the tamper localization
and it is robust for MPEG-4 compression. In addition
the proposed algorithm is exactly invertible
which means that the original video data is available as long as the watermarked video is credible.