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收稿：2022-03-06，
修回：2022-3-28，
录用：2022-4-4，
纸质出版：2022-06-16
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中华民族文化资源丰富、种类繁多且艺术形式多样，源于民族，植根民间，承载着历史记忆，延续着文化血脉，是中华民族的根与魂。文化遗产分布广、流传年代长，具有多样性、独特性和不可再生性等特点，是研究古代人类文明发展的珍贵资料。目前随着信息技术的迅猛发展以及全球化的冲击，其传承形式发生了根本性变化，特别是非物质文化遗产的人际传承方式，因此亟待在资源与媒介、内容与技术之间搭建技术的桥梁，支撑中华文化遗产的数字化传承。本文基于先进的智能计算、数字媒体和虚拟现实/增强现实技术，结合文化遗产的传播过程和艺术特点，对文化遗产收集理解、虚实结合智能展示交互和智慧化平台建设等活化关键技术的发展现状、前沿动态、热点问题和发展趋势进行分析和综述。在文化遗产收集理解方面，针对复杂文物数字化所存在的瓶颈问题，介绍数字化采集与重建关键技术；介绍文化遗产元素、主题和风格等特征提取算法，分析文化遗产的构图特征、分布特征、色彩特征和造型特征等数字化模拟过程中的关键技术，介绍基于语义特征分析、理解和识别的文化遗产理解及建设关键技术。对比和分析传统图形图像处理和深度学习方法在民族文化数字化仿真过程的优缺点，比较算法特点和算法效率，阐述存在的问题和难点，并对民族文化数字化仿真进行展望。在虚实结合智能展示交互方面，针对文化遗产的实体化展示和虚拟化展示特点，结合前沿信息技术，以多模态图像处理、小样本学习以及风格化图像生成方法为技术手段，基于多源异构大数据分析、知识图谱及深度学习等研究，综述文化遗产数字化修复的关键技术。面向文化遗产3D交互展示的需求，结合文本、音频、视频、语义和故事检索，介绍基于内容的自然人机交互技术；通过实时逼真、虚实融合渲染以及基于增强现实技术介绍相应的数字展品虚拟交互展示新技术。在智慧化平台建设方面，针对目前文化遗产智慧化平台系统管理分散导致业务协同不畅、数据缺乏统一规范导致数据难以共享，系统维护难度大、管理成本高以及用户使用不便等诸多问题，介绍文化遗产大数据模型与私有云架构关键技术研究以及相关的智慧平台建设项目。通过以上文化遗产活化的关键技术主动融入国家发展重大战略，有利于挖掘和提升民族文化遗产保护传承技术，促进文化遗产活化技术的合理利用，扩大传播影响，对弘扬中华文明、促进文化繁荣、建设少数民族示范区以及构筑文化自信具有重要意义。
The Chinese nation culture
which is of abundant resources
various categories and art styles
origins from the Chinese nation and is deeply rooted in ordinary people
has kept a long record of the historical memory and continued the cultural vein. Indeed
the Chinese nation culture is the foundation and the soul of the Chinese nation. The cultural heritage
which has the trait of widespread dissemination
long history
various styles
unique form of expression and being nonrenewable
is the precious information for exploring the development of the ancient human civilization. Nowadays
with the rapid development of information technology and the widespread impact of globalization
the formation of cultural inheritance has changed fundamentally
especially in the way of interpersonal inheritance style of the non-material cultural heritage. Therefore
there is an urgent need to construct bridges between the resource and the media
the content and the technology in order to sustain the digital inheritance of the Chinese cultural heritage. This paper is organised based on the advanced intelligent computing
digital media and virtual reality/augmented reality technology
and combines the dissemination process and artistic characteristics of the cultural heritage. From the perspective of the development status
frontier trends
hot issues and development trends
the key activation technologies are analyzed and summarized in terms of the collection of cultural heritage
the combination of virtual and real intelligent display and interaction
and the construction of intelligent platforms. Firstly
in the aspect of the collection of cultural heritage
in the view of the bottleneck problems that exist in the digitization of complex cultural relics
the key technologies of digital collection and reconstruction are introduced; the feature extraction algorithms of cultural heritage elements
themes
styles
etc.
as well as the key technologies in the process of digital simulation to analyze the compositional features
distribution features
color features
and modeling features of cultural heritage are summarized; the key technologies of cultural heritage understanding and construction that are based on semantic feature analysis
understanding and recognition are introduced; the advantages and disadvantages of traditional image processing and deep learning methods in the process of digital simulation of national culture are analysed and discussed
and the characteristics and efficiency of the current algorithms are compared. Besides
the existing problems and difficulties are expounded
and an insight into the future of digital simulation of national culture is provided. Next
in the aspect of the combination of virtual and real intelligent display and interaction
for the characteristics of physical display and virtual display of cultural heritage
the key technologies of digital restoration of cultural heritage are reviewed. The important role of cutting-edge information technology including multi-modal image processing
few-shot learning and stylized image generation methods is introduced. Meanwhile
the cutting-edge research based on multi-source heterogeneous big data analysis
knowledge graph and deep learning in the digital restoration of cultural heritage are also reviewed. To satisfied the interactive 3D display needs of cultural heritage
the content-based natural human-computer interaction technology is introduced
which is combined with text
audio
video
semantics and story retrieval of cultural history. Virtual interactive presentation of new technologies is introduced in terms of real-time realistic technology
virtual-real fusion rendering
and augmented reality technology. Last but not least
in the aspect of intelligent platform construction
there still remains many problems at present
such as the decentralized system management of the cultural heritage intelligent platform
which leads to poor business collaboration
and due to the lack of unified data
it is still difficult to share data mutually. Also
the problems of the difficulty in system maintenance
the high management costs
and the inconvenience for users still need to be solved. In the view of the above mentioned problems
the key technology research of the cultural heritage big data model and the private cloud architecture and the related intelligent platform construction projects are introduced. The above key activation technologies of cultural heritage are actively integrated into the major national development strategies
and these technologies are conducive to excavating and improving the protection and inheritance technology of national cultural heritage
promoting their rational use
and expanding their dissemination influence
which is of great significance to carry forward Chinese civilization
promote cultural prosperity
build demonstration areas for ethnic minorities and enhance cultural confidence.
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