In recent years

underwater image enhancement and restoration methods have become a crucial and difficult research focus because underwater images and videos play more and more important roles in the navy

marine environmental protection

and marine engineering. At present

there are relatively few available reviews or surveys on the research progress of underwater image enhancement and restoration methods. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding and promote the rapid progress of this research field

this survey systematically reviewed the research progress of underwater image enhancement and restoration methods. Based on numerous references

algorithms are classified and discussed on the basis of the use of a physical model. The principles

characteristics

and experimental methods of each algorithm are summarized. This survey analyzes the aspects of representative algorithms in detail. The evaluation system of underwater image quality is introduced. The representative methods are assessed with subjective and objective evaluation methods. The existing problems and developmental trend of this research field are highlighted. The causes of underwater image degradation

the principles of underwater image enhancement and restoration methods

and the development of the evaluation system of underwater image quality are summarized. Moreover

the existing problems and developmental trends of this research field are discussed. As an emerging research field

underwater image enhancement and restoration methods have potential research applications. However

the existing limitations of this research field require further research.