Recent studies have developed virtual environment technologies based on peet-to-peer(P2P) networking. Some articles have reviewed these technologies from different aspects. However

analysis from the aspect of scene data transmission remains lacking. To date

an increasing number of scholars are beginning to investigate scene data transmission. Therefore

a survey of virtual scene transmission works based on P2P networking is indispensable. A summary research on this challenging issue was performed

and existing achievements from diverse aspects were analyzed. The transmission technologies of large-scale 3D virtual scenes were outlined. Lightweight modeling and streaming technologies for large-scale virtual scene

virtual environment network architecture

interest management

resource/neighbor discovery mechanism

scene data delivery strategies of different network architecture

cache update mechanism

and data perfecting mechanism were proposed for virtual environment transmission. These technologies were reviewed and compared

and their relationships were determined. A significant number of similar objects and model elements exist in a large-scale virtual scene. Thus

reusing repeated components can significantly reduce the amount of scene data. Concerning the lightweight works of 3D models

this study discusses the proposition and improvement of a model lightweight method and a new voxel unit-matching method. The advantages and disadvantages of symmetry methods for singly connected models were analyzed

and the proposition and definition of model streaming technologies were introduced. Several streaming methods and data structure of the base/incremental mesh were also expounded. The maturity of cloud computation depends on its flexible contraction

powerful performance

stable bandwidth

and cost-effective characteristics. Thus

an increasing number of distributed virtual environments were deployed for Cloud service

particularly in massively multiplayer online games applications. Combining P2P networking with cloud computing

we deployed the super-node on the cloud to maximize the stability of Cloud and the scalability of P2P. Such properties can enhance the stability and load balance of the entire driver vision enhancement (DVE) system. Currently

studies on P2P-Cloud only focused on using Cloud to improve DVE data delivery

load balancing

and QoS. Studies that adopt P2P-Cloud architecture and analyze its infrastructure

deployment principle

and cost should be expounded.In the structured DVE

the nodes undergo a resource discovery mechanism to search the desired scene data. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is usually used to accurately locate the requested data of the nodes. Therefore

in the structural network

sending a considerable number of requests to locate the resource is not needed with a low network latency and overhead. However

when the nodes frequently join and leave the system

churn can easily occur and cause maintenance difficulty. Classic mechanisms such as SimMud

Colyseus

and PBT were described and compared in terms of advantages and disadvantages. The resources in the unstructured DVE do not necessarily have a relationship to the locations or have a global mechanism similar to DHT to manage the connections

movements

and exits of the nodes. The nodes were used to detect nearby neighbors depending on a mutual notification system. They also send updated information to their neighbors. The neighbor discovery mechanisms pSense and VON were used to illustrate this principle.A data-distributed strategy can expound the mechanism for dividing the labor between nodes to achieve efficient and real-time transmission of the scene data. A comparative review was conducted using pull/push strategy

publish/subscribe mechanism

unicast

and multicast. Several classic DVE systems with P2P architecture were analyzed from the aspects of topological architecture

resource/neighbor discovery mechanism

and data-distributed strategy. The demand of users for online virtual scene roaming has increased with the improved intelligence

power

and popularity of mobile terminals

process ability

and 3G/WiFi

respectively. Package loss would seriously affect mobile devices when receiving virtual scene data because of the limited bandwidth and unstable link of mobile networks. To overcome this problem

this study introduces strategies for lost packet recovery and rate control. This study proposes the transmission of large-scale virtual scenes on mobile networks using scene lightweight pretreatment and P2P-Cloud hybrid architecture.