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收稿：2018-09-11，
修回：2018-10-31，
纸质出版：2019-06-16
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目的
2
针对传统的基于多尺度变换的图像融合算法的不足，提出了一种基于W变换和2维经验模态分解（BEMD）的红外与可见光图像融合算法。
方法
2
首先，为了更有效地提取图像的高频信息，抑制BEMD中存在的模态混叠现象，提出了一种基于W变换和BEMD的新的多尺度分解算法（简称W-BEMD）；然后，利用W-BEMD对源图像进行塔式分解，获得图像的高频分量WIMFs和残差分量WR；接着，对源图像对应的WIMFs分量和WR分量分别采用基于局部区域方差选择与加权和基于局部区域能量选择与加权的融合规则进行融合，得到融合图像的W-BEMD分解；最后，通过W-BEMD逆变换得到最终融合图像。W-BEMD分解算法的主要思想是通过W变换递归地将BEMD分解过程中每层所得低频分量中滞留的高频成分提取出来并叠加到相应的高频分量中，实现更有效的图像多尺度分解。
结果
2
对比实验结果表明，本文方法得到的融合图像视觉效果更佳，既有突出的红外目标，又有清晰的可见光背景细节，而且在平均梯度（AG）、空间频率（SF）、互信息（MI）3个客观评价指标上也有显著优势。
结论
2
本文提出了一种新的红外与可见光图像融合算法，实验结果表明，该算法具有较好的融合效果，在保留可见光图像中的细节信息和突出红外图像中的目标信息方面更加有效。
Objective
2
Infrared and visible image fusion is an important problem in the field of image fusion which has been applied widely in military
security
and surveillance areas. Infrared imaging is based on the thermal radiation of scene
and it is not susceptible to weather and illumination. But infrared images are rather vague as a whole
and the spatial resolution and image contrast of infrared images are low. In contrast
visible imaging is based on the reflection of visible light. The spatial resolution of visible images is higher
and they have clear texture information and abundant details. However
they are vulnerable to the interference of illumination and climatic conditions. Therefore
infrared and visible images of the same scene exhibit a large difference and complementary information. Because of the redundancy and complementary
image fusion can accurately describe the object by effectively combining the target characteristics in infrared image and the details of the scene in visible image. Multi-scale techniques
including wavelet transform and multi-scale geometric decomposition
are widely used in image fusion. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and W-transform are two such tools. EMD is a fully data-driven time-frequency analysis method that adaptively decomposes signals into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and has shown considerable prowess in the analysis of non-stationary data. W-transform is a new orthogonal transform that has a strong decomposability and reconstruction capability for continuous and discontinuous information and can characterize the local variation of images effectively. In view of the deficiency of traditional multi-scale transform-based image fusion algorithms
this study proposes a new infrared and visible image fusion method based on W-transform and bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD).
Method
2
The proposed method is applied on registered infrared and visible images with the same spatial resolution. To eliminate the modal aliasing phenomenon in EMD
a new decomposition method called W-BEMD
which is based on BEMD and W-transform
is proposed. The main idea of the W-BEMD method is performing W-transform on the low-frequency components of each level in the BEMD decomposition process and superimposing the obtained high-frequency component into the corresponding IMFs of the same decomposition level. W-BEMD is an improved BEMD method that can effectively extract high-frequency information and suppress the frequency aliasing effect in BEMD. W-BEMD is further applied on infrared and visible image fusion to achieve satisfactory fused results. First
the registered infrared and visible captures of the same scene are decomposed into the high-frequency component WIMFs and the residual component WR through W-BEMD. Second
the corresponding WIMFs of the same decomposition level of the source images are fused using the weighted average fusion rule on the basis of the local area variance to obtain fused WIMF images
whereas the weighted average strategy based on area energy is adopted for the fusion of the residual component WR. Finally
the fused image is generated by adding the fused WIMF images and fused residual component.
Result
2
Decomposition experiments are conducted to evaluate the effect of W-BEMD
and they show that the high-frequency part under W-BEMD contains more complete edge information compared with the one under BEMD. Simulation experiments on four groups of infrared and visible images are conducted to verify the superiority and validity of the proposed fusion method. Three objective evaluation indices
including mean gradient
spatial frequency
and mutual information
are also employed to evaluate the fusion results quantitatively. The fusion experiment results show that the proposed method outperforms the other five methods in terms of objective assessment and subjective visual quality. Visually
the proposed method not only preserves the rich scene information of the visible light image but also effectively highlights the hot target information in the infrared image. The fused results of the proposed method have high contrast
rich edge details
and remarkable target information
and they are obviously better than the results generated by the other five methods. Objectively
the proposed algorithm achieves the best average gradient and space frequency and is almost superior to the other compared algorithms in the index of mutual information.
Conclusion
2
A new fusion method for infrared and visible images based on BEMD and W-transform is proposed. According to the characteristic of the W-BEMD of the source images
we design different fusion rules for different frequency bands. Four groups of infrared and visible images are employed for the performance evaluation of the proposed method. Analysis shows that the proposed algorithm is more effective in preserving details in the visible images and highlighting target information in the infrared images compared with the other algorithms.
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