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收稿：2017-11-14，
修回：2018-1-24，
纸质出版：2018-08-16
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目的
2
针对阴影在高分辨率遥感影像的特性，提出了一种多尺度分割和形态学运算相结合的阴影检测方法。
方法
2
基于面向对象思想，首先利用均值漂移法实现影像分割生成对象，并以对象为基本单元分别进行形态学膨胀和腐蚀运算，从而获得面向对象的阴影指数；然后对影像进行多尺度分割，生成阴影指数矢量；最后对阴影指数矢量和亮度均值分别指定高低阈值，进而获得阴影检测结果。
结果
2
选取高分二号和Google earth影像进行实验，采用误检率、漏检率和总错误率3个指标进行定量分析，并将实验结果与结合多特征法和形态学阴影指数法进行比较。在阴影检测定量精度分析中，相比于对比方法，本文方法的误检率偏高，但漏检率平均降低了7.31%；在建筑物阴影检测实验中，本文方法的漏检率同样下降了4.5个百分点；在多尺度效果融合分析中，本文方法在多组尺度组合下，各项精度指标均较理想；在阴影压盖地物实验中，3种方法的误检情况差异不大，但本文方法的漏检率得到较大改善，其下降程度平均达到了19.29%。
结论
2
本文提出的阴影检测方法具备一定的抗干扰能力，适用性强，可靠性高。
Objective
2
In high-resolution remote sensing imagery
tall objects
such as buildings and trees
often cause interference with part of the light
resulting in the absence of corresponding spectral information and forming the shadow. Therefore
effective and accurate detection of shadow is helpful to recognize the shape of certain objects
relative position
surface properties
height
and other information. On the one hand
considering the common phenomenon of "same object with different spectra and same spectrum with different objects" and rich details in high-resolution remote-sensing imagery
traditional pixel level methods are often affected by noise when detecting shadow
but the imagery segmentation can allow spatially adjacent and spectrally similar pixels to be merged into the whole to avoid noise interference. On the other hand
morphology operation has certain recognition ability to the prominent region of the spectrum
and the spectral characteristics of shadow are often dark. With this analysis
a method based on multi-scale segmentation and morphology operation is proposed.
Method
2
The proposed method is based on objected-oriented idea. First
imagery segmentation objects are generated by mean shift algorithm
and object-based shadow index is obtained by object morphology dilation and erosion operation. Then
shadow index vector and brightness mean are constructed by setting different sizes of color space and coordinating space kernel function bandwidth. Finally
the shadow index vector and brightness mean are designated with high and low thresholds
and the shadow detection is accomplished.
Result
2
GF-2 imagery from Guangzhou and Google earth imageries from Ohio are used in verifying the validity of the proposed method. The proposed method is compared with principal component analysis + HSV transformation + histogram segmentation algorithm and morphological shadow index algorithm by using error
miss
and total error rates. In the shadow quantitative detection experiment
although the error rate of the proposed method is relatively high
the miss rate decreases by 7.31%. In the building shadow detection experiment
the miss rate of the proposed method also dropped by 4.5 percentage points. In the multi-scale effect fusion analysis
the accuracy of the proposed method is ideal under the different combinations of multiple scales. In the capped ground shadow detection experiment
the error rate of the three methods are roughly the same
but the miss rate of the proposed method is significantly lower than that of the comparative methods
and the extent of its decrease reaches an average of 19.29 percentage points.
Conclusion
2
This study presents a shadow detection method that combines morphology operation and multi-scale segmentation. Objected-oriented idea is used in the proposed method
which effectively solves the salt and pepper phenomenon. First
on the basis of imagery segmentation
the morphology operation is used to extract the dark area of spectral information. Then
shadow detection result is further determined by the brightness mean. In addition
in view of the difficulty of determining the optimal segmentation scale
the shadow index vector is constructed by multi-scale segmentation. Thus
this vector is helpful to effectively combine the advantages of each scale
enhance the applicability of the proposed method
and reduce the dependence on the segmentation scale. From the detection results
the proposed method achieves ideal results for different types of high-resolution remote-sensing imageries and exerts good detection effect on the capped ground shadow
showing strong robustness and universality. However
the proposed method needs to be improved. For example
if the spectral features are close to the shadows and the shapes of the areas are not much different
then the method needs further exploration. Moreover
how to remove several non-building shadows is challenging
especially when building shadows are adjacent to non-building shadows.
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