目的 近年来随着水下图像/视频在海洋军事、海洋环境保护和海洋工程等科研和工业领域扮演越来越重要的角色，水下图像增强和复原作为关键技术之一，越来越多地成为研究的热点和难点问题。目前有关水下图像增强和复原方法研究进展的综述论文在国内外相对较少，为使即将进入该研究领域的学者比较全面地了解该领域的研究现状，促进该领域的快速发展，本文对其系统综述。方法 在广泛调研大量文献的基础上，按照是否基于物理模型对已有方法进行分类讨论，对其基本思想、方法特点、实验方法进行归纳和总结，其中对典型的方法进行具体介绍和分析。同时，介绍了水下图像质量的评测体系，针对典型方法的处理结果进行定性和定量的评测。进而，总结该研究领域目前存在的不足，展望未来可能的发展方向。结果 总结了水下图像退化的原因、水下图像增强和复原所采用的主要技术和方法、水下图像质量评测体系的发展历程，给出了亟待解决的问题，展望了未来的发展方向。结论 作为新兴的研究领域，水下图像增强和复原在工业界和学术界都具有广阔的应用前景和研究价值，但针对目前存在的一些局限性还需要进一步深入研究。

Objective In recent years, underwater image enhancement and restoration methods have become a crucial and difficult research focus because underwater images and videos play more and more important roles in the navy, marine environmental protection, and marine engineering. At present, there are relatively few available reviews or surveys on the research progress of underwater image enhancement and restoration methods. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding and promote the rapid progress of this research field, this survey systematically reviewed the research progress of underwater image enhancement and restoration methods.Methods Based on numerous references, algorithms are classified and discussed on the basis of the use of a physical model. The principles, characteristics, and experimental methods of each algorithm are summarized. This survey analyzes the aspects of representative algorithms in detail. The evaluation system of underwater image quality is introduced. The representative methods are assessed with subjective and objective evaluation methods. The existing problems and developmental trend of this research field are highlighted.Results The causes of underwater image degradation, the principles of underwater image enhancement and restoration methods, and the development of the evaluation system of underwater image quality are summarized. Moreover, the existing problems and developmental trends of this research field are discussed.Conclusion As an emerging research field, underwater image enhancement and restoration methods have potential research applications. However, the existing limitations of this research field require further research.