作为一种2维卷积运算的非线性图像处理方法，数学形态学的内容包括二值形态学、灰度形态学和彩色形态学。膨胀、腐蚀、开运算、闭运算是数学形态学的基础。数学形态学可用于噪声去除、边缘检测、图像分割、特征提取等图像处理问题，在图像处理领域得到了越来越广泛的应用。结合目前的研究进展，对数学形态学的分类及其在作物病害图像处理中的应用进行综合性阐述，并对数学形态学目前存在的问题以及未来的发展方向进行了讨论。

As a non-linear image processing method with two-dimensional convolution operation, mathematical morphology is divided into binary morphology, gray-level morphology and color morphology. Erosion, dilation, opening operation and closing operation are the basis of mathematical morphology. Mathematical morphology can be used for edge detection, image segmentation, noise elimination, feature extraction and other image processing problems. It has been widely used in the field of image processing. Based on current progress, this paper gives a comprehensive expatiation on the mathematical morphology classification and application of image processing of crop disease. In the end, open problems and further research of mathematical morphology are discussed.